Study on improvement effects and mechanism of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects and mechanism of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） model rat based on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into normal control group， IgAN model group and rhein treatment group， with 10 rats in each group. IgAN model group and rhein treatment group were given combination of bovine serum albumin+lipopolysaccharide+carbon tetrachloride to induce IgAN model. Since the 7th week， rhein treatment group rats were intragastrically given relevant medicine， and normal control group and model group rats were given equal amount of normal saline intragastrically， for consecutive 4 weeks. After the last administration， the count of urine sediment erythrocyte， 24 h-urine total protein （UTP）， the levels of immunoglobulin A （IgA） in serum and secretory immunoglobulin A （sIgA） in intestinal mucosa were detected. The pathological changes of Peyer’s patch in renal cortex and intestinal mucosa and IgA deposition in renal cortex were observed. The expressions of interleukin-17 （IL-17）， IL- 6 and transforming growth factor β （TGF-β） in Peyer’s patch of intestinal mucosa in rats were detected. The expressions of STAT3 and related orphan receptor γt （RORγt） mRNA in Peyer’s patch were detected. The expressions of p-STAT3 and RORγt proteins in Peyer’s patch were detected. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， the count of urine sediment erythrocyte， 24 h-UTP， the levels of IgA in serum and sIgA in intestinal mucosa were increased significantly in IgAN model group （P＜0.01）； enlarged renal corpuscles， dilated renal sacs， obvious intratubular mesangial hyperplasia and fibrosis were observed in renal cortex； the volume and germinal center of Peyer’s patch in intestinal mucosa increased； IgA deposition of renal cortex zxyylxk20220103） was obvious； the expressions of IL-17， IL-6 and TGF-β in Peyer’s patch， mRNA expressions of STAT3 and RORγt， protein expressions of p-STAT3 and RORγt were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with IgAN model group，above indexes were decreased significantly in rhein treatment group （P＜0.01）， pathological damage of renal cortex was improved， the volume of Peyer’s patch and germinal center of intestinal mucosa were reduced， and IgA deposition in renal cortex was weakened. CONCLUSIONS Rhein can improve IgAN model rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway and regulating immune function of Peyer’s patch in intestinal mucosa.

Puerarin-Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion combining medicine and adjuvant / 中国中药杂志

This study was mainly based on the compatibility of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma to prepare submicron emulsion and evaluated its physical and pharmaceutical properties. Firstly, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were drawn by dripping method which took Chuanxiong oil as the oil phase and the area of microemulsion region as the index. On this basis, suitable emulsifier and co-emulsifier were screened for the preparation of Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion. Then, the formula realizing the largest oil loading was selected. Finally, puerarin substituted part of emulsifier and co-emulsifier to lower their content, so as to form puerarin-Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion featuring the combination of medicine and adjuvant. Its particle size, zeta potential, centrifugal stability and storage stability were determined, and the in vitro drug release behavior was investigated by dialysis bag method, based on which the quality of the as-prepared submicron emulsion was evaluated comprehensively. The proposed method was proved feasible for the preparation of Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion, which adopted polyoxyethylene castor oil(EL-40) as the emulsifier and was free from co-emulsifier. The formula of the maximum oil loading was found as Chuanxiong oil∶EL-40∶water 3∶7∶90. Further, puera-rin successfully replaced up to 10% of the emulsifier in submicron emulsion. Eventually, the optimal drug-loading formula was determined as puerarin∶Chuanxiong oil∶EL-40∶water 7∶30∶63∶900. The quality evaluation results of the as-prepared submicron emulsion demonstrated that the average emulsion droplet size was 333.9 nm, the PDI 0.26, and the zeta potential-10.12 mV. The submicron emulsion had a good centrifugal stability and did not present any instable phenomena such as delamination and precipitation during its standing still for 50 days. The evaluation of in vitro drug release behavior indicated that the submicron emulsion was capable of releasing the drug completely. The puerarin-chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion prepared in this study possessed a stable quality and to some extent increased the solubility of puerarin along with a sustained-release effect. This study provided ideas for the clinical application of puerarin.

Quantitative assessment of choroidal vascular sublayers in patients with pre-eclampsia compared to healthy pregnant women / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To quantitatively assess choroid vascular sublayers in women with pre-eclampsia(PE)compared to healthy pregnant women.<p>METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 100 subjects, including 40 healthy non-pregnant women, 23 healthy pregnant women, and 37 women with PE. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to measure the choroidal thickness(CT)at the fovea and four additional sites that were 750 μm nasal/temporal or 1 500 μm nasal/temporal to the fovea, and designated as subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT), N750, T750, N1500, and T1500, respectively. The thickness of two choroidal vessel layers, Sattler's and Haller's layers, also were quantitatively assessed. <p>RESULTS: No significant differences in mean age or spherical equivalent were observed among the three groups(<i>P</i>=0.240, 0.338). No difference was observed in gestational ages between the healthy pregnant women and PE patients(<i>P</i>=0.783). Significant differences were observed in large choroidal vessel thickness(LCVT), medium choroidal vessel thickness(MCVT), and SFCT at the five sites among the three groups(<i>P</i><0.05). Compared with normal non-pregnant women, a significant increase in LCVT, MCVT, and SFCT was detected at the five sites in healthy pregnant women(<i>P</i><0.05). LCVT and SFCT in PE patients were significantly greater at the five sites compared to normal pregnant women(<i>P</i><0.05), while MCVT was not different(<i>P</i>=0.709).<p>CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the vascular sublayer thickness of the choroid was significantly increased in pregnancy and PE. Moreover, the increase in CT thickness might be due to the thickening of Haller's layer. We also observed that the nasal CT increased more than the temporal CT in PE patients and normal pregnant women. We suggest that parasympathetic and sympathetic mediated regulation and nonvascular smooth muscle cells might play a role in the choroidal vascular sublayer thickness variations observed in pregnancy and PE.

HPLC fingerprint of famous classical formula Banxia Xiexin Decoction and quality value transmitting of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma / 中草药

Objective: HPLC fingerprints of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) was established to analyze the quality value transmitting relationship between medical herbs-decoction pieces-whole decoction of Scutellariae Radix (SR) and Coptidis Rhizoma (CR). Methods: BXD was prepared by the decoction method recorded in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. BXD HPLC fingerprints was established, and the characteristic peaks were analyzed; The transfer rate, the dry extract rate and the similarity of fingerprint were used as indicators to analyze the quality value transmitting relationship between medical herbs-decoction pieces-whole decoction of SR and CR. Results: The transfer rate of baicalin from medical herbs to decoction pieces was between 81.08% and 119.82%; The transfer rate of baicalin from decoction pieces to BXD was between 44.55% and 59.05%; The transfer rate of berberine from medical herbs to decoction pieces was between 66.65% and 97.51%; The transfer rate of berberine from decoction pieces to BXD was between 7.83% and 22.93%; And the dry extract rate of the whole decoction was between 12.99% and 17.21%. The similarity of fingerprints of 15 batches of BXD ranged from 0.978 to 0.999. Conclusion: The quality evaluation method established by the fingerprint is applicable to the quality control of medical herbs-decoction pieces-whole decoction of SR and CR, which provides some reference for the establishment of the quality evaluation method of famous classic formula.

Metabolic characteristics of active parts of lipid-lowering flavonoid extract of Daidai in liver and intestinal microsomes of rats / 中国中药杂志

The paper studies and compares the metabolic difference of active ingredients of lipid-lowering flavonoid extract of Daidai in rat livers and intestinal microsomes,in order to explore the phase Ⅰ metabolism characteristics of active ingredients in livers and intestines. UPLC-MS/MS was used to establish a quantitative analysis method for active ingredients,neohesperidin and narngin,in a phase Ⅰ metabolism incubation system of liver and intestinal microsomes. Differential centrifugation was used to make liver and intestinal microsomes of rats. A phase Ⅰ metabolism incubation system was established,and the concentrations of the residual at different incubation time points were analyzed. Graphs were plotted to calculate the metabolic elimination half-life of the main active parts,with the natural logarithm residual percentage values ln( X) at different time points as the y axis,and time t as the x axis. The metabolism characteristics of the active ingredients were compared. The established UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis method has a good specialization,standard curve and linear range,accuracy and precision,with a satisfactory lower quantitative limit. The method allows quantitative detection of the active ingredients in a phase Ⅰ metabolism incubation system of liver and intestinal microsomes of rats. In the rats liver microsomes incubation system,the metabolic elimination half-life of neohesperidin and narngin were( 2. 20 ± 0. 28) h and( 1. 97±0. 28) h respectively. The elimination half-life of neohesperidin was larger than that of narngin,but with no statistically significant difference. In the rats intestinal microsomes incubation system,the metabolic elimination half-lives of neohesperidin and narngin were( 3. 68±0. 54) h and( 2. 26±0. 13) h respectively. The elimination half-life of neohesperidin was larger than that of narngin,with statistically significant differences( P<0. 05). The elimination half-lives of the active ingredients in liver microsomes were smaller than those in intestinal microsomes. The experiment results showed that the active ingredients of lipid-lowering flavonoid extract of Daidai had different elimination half-lives in phase Ⅰ rats liver and intestinal microsomes incubation system. This implied that they had different metabolic characteristics in rats liver and intestine,and liver may be the main metabolism site of the active ingredients. The phaseⅠ metabolism of narngin was stronger than that of neohesperidin. The differences between their metabolic characteristics may be related to the binding sites of B-ring hydroxyl in flavonoid glycosides and the number of methoxyl group. The results provided an important experimental basis for further development and clinical application of lipid-lowering flavonoid extract preparation of Daidai.

Research on Development of Preparations in Traditional Chinese Medicine Classics During the Han,Tang and Song Dynasties / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This paper compared and analyzed the relevant records of Chinese medicine pharmacy in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,and summarized the changes of the dosage forms,preparation techniques and administration methods of Chinese medicine with the development of history.In this study,three classic medical works in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,including Treatise on Febrile Diseases Caused by Cold,Valuable Prescriptions for Emergency and Formularies of the Bureau of People's Welfare Pharmacies,were taken as the research objects,and the development of the dosage forms,auxiliary materials,preparation technology and medication theory were summarized and explored by the ways of content analysis,comparative analysis and case analysis.The comparison showed that in the development process,the dosage forms gradually increased,but the liquid dosage forms gradually decreased,the solid dosage forms gradually increased.Not only the dosage forms varied in the number,types of excipients used more and more,but the level of preparation had been constantly improved while the methods of taking became more detailed.This evolution of dosage forms and pharmaceutical technologies in Chinese history is worth learning and thinking about it.Through exploring the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) technologies and theories in the Han,Tang and Song dynasties,we can contribute to the inheritance of traditional preparations and it can provide the basis for the development of modern preparations with TCM characteristics.

Separation Identification of Chemical Constituents of Lysimachia capillipes / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To systemically study the chemical constituents of n-butanol fraction from Lysimachia capillipes. Method:The whole plant of L. capillipes was crushed into power,extracted by 70% methanol,concentrated under reduced pressure,and then its n-butanol extract was obtained by fractional extraction. The compounds from n-butanol fraction were isolated and purified by macroporous resin column chromatography,medium pressure ODS,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison with literature data. Result:Fifteen compounds including 6 saponins and 9 flavonoid glycosides were isolated from L. capillipes,and were identified as ascapilliposide B(1) and capilliposide C(2),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-[4-O-E-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)] [β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(3),kaempferol-3-O-{[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)] [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]}-β-D-3-trans-p-coumaroylgalactopyranoside (4),capilliposide K (5),3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)}-16α-hydroxyolean-28,13β-olide (6),capilliposide I(7),quercetin-3-O-(2″,6″-di-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranoside(8),kaempferol-3-O-{[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)] [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-galactopyranoside(9),kaempferol-3-O-[2-glucopyranosyl(1→3)rhamnopyranosyl-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside(10),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(11),capilliposide I(12),kaempferol-3-O-{(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[4-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-(β-D-galactopyranoside)}-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (13),kaempferol-3-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)]-4-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)}-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O(4-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (14),and (3β,20S,23S,24R)-3,20,23,24,25,29-hexahydroxydammaran-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-gluco-pyranoside(15). Conclusion:The compounds 3,4,6,9,10,13-15 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Curcumin Increases the Chemosensitivity of Multiple Myeloma to Bortezomib by Inhibiting the Notch1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluated the effect of curcumin on the bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and the expression of Notch1 signaling pathway, in order to further explore its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#Curcumin, bortezomib, and curcumin combined bortezomib were added into RPMI 8266, U266, 5 nmol/L bortezomib-resistant RPMI 8266 (RPMI 8226-V5R), 5 nmol/L bortezomib-resistant U 266 (U266-V5R) and CD138+ plasma cells respectively. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. the apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry, and the Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Then, the expression of Notch1 in cells was inhibited by notch1 inhibitor DAPT and RNA interference, the above-motioned experiments should be repeated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with single drug-treated groups, the treatment with 2 drugs could further inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and enhance the inhibition effect on notch1 signaling pathway (P<0.05), while the inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway could reduce cell proliferation and increase the expression of cleaved caspase-3.@*CONCLUSION@#Curcumin can increase chemosensitivity of myeloma cells to bortezomib, this effect may be related to the inhibition of Notch1.

Study on Quality Standard Improvement of Qiju Dihuang Oral Liquid / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for perfecting and improving the quality standard of Qiju dihuang oral liquid. METHODS： According to No. 0502 method stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （part Ⅳ）， TLC method was used to identify the fruit of Chinese wolfberry， Dendranthema morifolium and Paeonia suffruticosa in Qiju dihuang oral liquid. Using the fruit of C. wolfberry， D. morifolium and paeonol as control， the deployment systems were trichloromethane-ethyl acetate-formic acid （6 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.5， V/V/V）， trichloromethane-isopropanol-formic acid （10 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.5， V/V/V） and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate （3 ∶ 1， V/V）. The contents of morroniside， loganin and paeonol in Qiju dihuang oral liquid were determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on InertSustain C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.03％ phosphoric acid solution（gradient elution）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm （morroniside and loganin） and 274 nm （paeonol）， and the column temperature was 40 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULES： In TLC of the fruit of C. wolfberry， D. morifolium and P. suffruticosa， same color spots were shown in the corresponding positions of reference substance/control chromatogram without interference from negative control. The linear ranges of morroniside， loganin and paeonol were 2.12-106.17， 1.91-95.63 and 4.78-239.16 μg/mL （R2＝0.999 9， 0.999 9， 0.999 8）， respectively. The limits of quantitation were 2.12， 1.91， 2.39 μg/mL； the limits of detection were 0.53， 0.48， 0.59 μg/mL， respectively； RSDs of precision， reproducibility and stability tests were lower than 2％ （n＝6）. The average recoveries were 98.27％， 97.06％ and 97.65％ RSD were 0.80％， 1.18％ and 1.36％ （n＝6）. RSDs of durability tests were all lower than 2％ （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is simple， specific and durable， and can provide reference for improving the quality standard of Qiju dihuang oral liquid.

Binding characteristics of plasma protein in active parts of Daidai lipid-lowering flavonoid extract / 中国中药杂志

To study the binding capacity of active ingredients of Daidai lipid-lowering flavonoid extract and plasma protein,investigate the ways to improve the traditional formula for calculating protein binding rates based on ultrafiltration,and increase the stability and reliability of the experimental results. UPLC-MS/MS was used to establish a quantitative analysis method for simultaneous determination of active ingredients( neohesperidin and narngin) in ultrafiltrate. The protein binding rates were calculated by the traditional ultrafiltration formula. The correction factors( F) were introduced later,and the binding rates calculated with the correction factors were compared with those without the correction factors. The binding capacity of the extract and plasma protein was evaluated. The quantitative analysis method established by UPLC-MS/MS had a good specificity. The standard curve and linear range,method accuracy,precision and lower limit of quantitation all met the requirements. The method met the requirement for quantitative detection of the active ingredients in ultrafiltrate after the rat plasma was filtrated in the ultrafiltration tube. Under the experimental conditions,the binding rates of both active ingredients( neohesperidin and narngin) were higher than 90%. The active ingredients and rat plasma protein were bound in a concentration-dependent manner,with statistically significant differences( P<0. 01). There was no statistically significant difference between the protein binding abilities of the two active ingredients with rat plasma protein. Therefore,the active ingredients of Daidai lipid-lowering flavonoid extract had a relatively strong binding strength with rat plasma protein,and they were bound in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally,when calculating protein binding rates by the traditional ultrafiltration formula,the correction factors could be introduced to effectively reflect the errors of multiple ingredient groups in traditional Chinese medicine extracts.This correction method could provide a reference thinking and practical reference for the improvement of the determination method of the traditional Chinese medicine plasma protein binding ability based on ultrafiltration.

Automated Assessment for Bone Age of Left Wrist Joint in Uyghur Teenagers by Deep Learning / 法医学杂志

Objective To realize the automated bone age assessment by applying deep learning to digital radiography(DR)image recognition of left wrist joint in Uyghur teenagers, and explore its practical ap-plication value in forensic medicine bone age assessment. Methods The X-ray films of left wrist joint after pretreatment, which were taken from 245 male and 227 female Uyghur nationality teenagers in Uygur Autonomous Region aged from 13.0 to 19.0 years old, were chosen as subjects. And AlexNet was as a regression model of image recognition. From the total samples above, 60% of male and fe-male DR images of left wrist joint were selected as net train set, and 10% of samples were selected as validation set. As test set, the rest 30%were used to obtain the image recognition accuracy with an error range in ±1.0 and ±0.7 age respectively, compared to the real age. Results The modelling results of deep learning algorithm showed that when the error range was in ±1.0 and ±0.7 age respectively, the accuracy of the net train set was 81.4% and 75.6% in male, and 80.5% and 74.8% in female, respectively. When the error range was in ±1.0 and ±0.7 age respectively, the accuracy of the test set was 79.5% and 71.2% in male, and 79.4% and 66.2% in female, respectively. Conclusion The combination of bone age research on teenagers' left wrist joint and deep learning, which has high accuracy and good feasi-bility, can be the research basis of bone age automatic assessment system for the rest joints of body.

Clinical Observation of Heat-sensitive Moxibustion Combined with Modified Pipa Qingfei Decoction in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of of heat-sensitive moxibustion combined with modified Pipa qingfei decoction for acne vulgaris.METHODS:A total of 120 patients with acne vulgaris were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group.Control group was given Minocycline hydrochloride capsules 50 mg/d,bid.Observation group was given heat-sensitive moxibustion (every other day) combined with modified Pipa qingfei decoction (one dose every day,decocting to 300 mL,morning and night).Both groups were treated for 42 d.Skin lesion score and serum testosterone level were observed in 2 groups before treatment,1st and 90th day after the end of treatment.Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 2 groups on 1st and 90th day after the end of treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was observed in 2 groups during treatment.RESULTS:Before observation,there was no significant difference in these indexes.On 1st day after the end of treatment,the scores of skin lesion items and serum testosterone level in 2 groups were all decreased significantly compared to before treatment,and the scorns of skin lesion items in observation group were significantly lower than control group (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the serum testosterone level between 2 groups (P＞0.05).On 90th day after the end of treatment,the scores of skin lesion items and serum testosterone level in control group had no statistical significance compared to before treatment (P＞0.05).The scores of skin lesion items and serum testosterone level in observation group were decreased significantly compared before treatment,and were significantly lower than control group at corresponding period (P＜0.05).On 1st and 90th day after the end of treatment,total response rates of observation group were 85.00％ and 73.33％,which were significantly higher than 73.33％ and 55.00％ of control group,with statistical isgnificance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The heat-sensitive moxibustion combined with modified Pipa qingfei decoction can significantly reduce the scores of skin lesion and serum testosterone levels,improves the symptoms of skin lesions,and shows good safety.

Comparison of different layers of subfoveal choroid in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia / 眼科新进展

Objective To compare different layers of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in normal subjects,healthy pregnant women and patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods Twenty-two normal subjects,22 healthy pregnant women and 22 PE patients were included.All patients underwent the examinations including the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure,slit lamp,and OCT.The OCT examination was performed to measure SFCT,large choroidal vessel thickness (LCVT),and choroidal capillaries/medium choroidal vessel thickness (MCVT),and the differences between the three groups were compared.Results The differences in age and spherical equivalent among normal subjects,healthy pregnant women and patients with pre-eclampsia were not significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The differences in the gestational weeks between healthy pregnant women and PE patients was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The mean SFCT of the normal group,healthy pregnant group and PE patient group was (263.45 ± 69.66) μm,(310.55 ±55.63) μm,and (350.41 ± 54.32) μm,accordingly,the mean LCVT of the normal group,healthy pregnant group and PE patient group was (188.25 ± 60.88) μm,(213.27 ±65.31) lμm,and (264.77 ± 56.21) μm,respectively;the mean MCVT of the normal group,healthy pregnant goup and PE patient group was (75.20 ± 33.65) μm,(97.27 ±22.14) μm,(85.64 ± 20.93) μm,respectively,with statistically significance in pairwise comparison (all P ＜ 0.05).The mean SFCT and MCVT of healthy pregnant women was significantly increased than that of the normal subjects (both P ＜ 0.05),but not for LCVT (P ＞ 0.05);whereas SFCT and LCVT of PE patients were significantly increased than those of healthy pregnant women (both P ＜ 0.05),but not for MCVT (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The SFCT and LCVT in PE patients are both higher than those in healthy pregnant women,and there is no significant difference in MCVT.

Research progress of endogenous exosomes as nano drug delivery system for treatment of myocardial ischemia / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Exosomes are natural nano vesicles secreted by living cells, which play an important role in cellular communication and substance transportation. As a kind of carrier of human endogenous for drug transportation, many advantages of exosomes are in sight, for example, low toxicity, non immunogenicity, good permeability and high-targeting. In recent years, small molecular chemical drugs, nucleic acids and proteins have been successfully delivered by exosomes. This novel carrier is expected to provide strong support for the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia. The research progress of exosomes as a kind of carrier in the treatment of myocardial ischemia was briefly summarized in this article.

Advantages and Application Prospects of Deep Learning in Image Recognition and Bone Age Assessment / 法医学杂志

Deep learning and neural network models have been new research directions and hot issues in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence in recent years. Deep learning has made a breakthrough in the applications of image and speech recognitions, and also has been extensively used in the fields of face recognition and information retrieval because of its special superiority. Bone X-ray images express different variations in black-white-gray gradations, which have image features of black and white contrasts and level differences. Based on these advantages of deep learning in image recognition, we combine it with the research of bone age assessment to provide basic datum for constructing a forensic automatic system of bone age assessment. This paper reviews the basic concept and network architectures of deep learning, and describes its recent research progress on image recognition in different research fields at home and abroad, and explores its advantages and application prospects in bone age assessment.

Short-term outcomes of intravitreal injection of conbercept for diabetic macular edema and restoration of ellipsoid zone / 眼科新进展

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept for diabetic macular edema (DME) and the changes of ellipsoid zone (EZ).Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 14 patients (16 eyes) and the clinical data were reviewed and analyzed.All the patients were administrated with conbercept intravitreally,and rechecked 1 month,2 months,3 months after injection including the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).Then a comparison was performed in logMAR BCVA,central foveal thickness (CFT) and macular volume before treatment and 1 month,2 months and 3 months after conbercept injection,as well as the cross-sectional length of incomplete portion in EZ before treatment and 3 months after injection.Results The value of logMAR BCVA before treatment and 1 month,2 months and 3 months after conbercept injection was 0.79 ± 0.08,0.65 ± 0.07,0.56 ± 0.06 and 0.52 ± 0.06,respectively;the average CFT before treatment and 1 month,2 months and 3 months after treatment was (536.44 ±35.87) μm,(385.63 ± 22.60) μm,(336.13 ± 21.91) μm and (292.38 ± 22.54) μm accordingly;the macular volume before treatment and 1 month,2 months and 3 months after treatment was (11.27 ± 0.37) mm3,(10.21 ± 0.22) mm3,(9.69 ± 0.17) mm3 and (9.30 ±0.20) mm3,respectively,with statistically significance in palrwise comparison.Moreover,the cross-sectional length of disrupted EZ before treatment and 3 months after injection was (3116.69 ± 385.55) μm and (1784.88 ± 362.39) μm respectively,and there was statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intravitreal injection of conbercept to treat DME can alleviate macular edema and restore the disrupted ellipsoid zone.

NF-κB participates in the regulation of apoptosis / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

The abnormal changes in the apoptosis activities are relevant to a number of diseases including the tumor genesis and development. Since the gene structure of NF-κB being cloned three decades ago, the investigation of the transcriptional factor has been improved over time. A series of target genes are revealed to be modulated, which participate in physiological and pathological activities, including inflammation, proliferation, differentiation,senescence, and apoptosis. This review is focused on the signaling network of cell apoptosis regulated by NF-κB, the molecular involved, as well as the environmental variants associated. Furthermore, as NF-κB is unusually up-regulated in diseases such as cancer, searching for its specific antagonists may prevent the occurrence of those diseases.

NF-κB participates in the regulation of apoptosis / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

The abnormal changes in the apoptosis activities are relevant to a number of diseases including the tumor genesis and development. Since the gene structure of NF-κB being cloned three decades ago, the investigation of the transcriptional factor has been improved over time. A series of target genes are revealed to be modulated, which participate in physiological and pathological activities, including inflammation, proliferation, differentiation,senescence, and apoptosis. This review is focused on the signaling network of cell apoptosis regulated by NF-κB, the molecular involved, as well as the environmental variants associated. Furthermore, as NF-κB is unusually up-regulated in diseases such as cancer, searching for its specific antagonists may prevent the occurrence of those diseases.

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Post-polio Syndrome (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Post-polio syndrome (PPS) usually appears decades after acute polio infection, characterized as progressive muscle weak-ness, fatigue, pain, muscle atrophy, poor endurance, intolerance of cold, sleep apnea, water choking cough, and difficulty in swallowing, etc., resulting in a decline in physical function. As an insidious disease, it is very important to identify and diagnose PPS.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of E-resveratrol derivatives / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to synthesize derivatives of E-resveratrol and evaluate their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Different functional groups were conjugated with the phenolic hydroxyl group of E-resveratrol, and the double bond of E-resveratrol was reduced. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the synthetic derivatives was evaluated against three tumor cell lines (A549, LAC, and HeLa) using the MTT assay. Twenty-six E-resveratrol derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR, MS, IR, and elemental analyses. Compounds 1-6, 12, 15-21, and 23-26 were reported for the first time. Among them, Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 9-11, showed significant cytotoxicity against tumor cells; especially, Compound 1 showed an IC50 value of 4.38 μmol · L(-1) in the A549 cells which was 15-fold more active than E-resveratrol; Compound 9 showed an IC50 value of 1.41 μmol · L(-1) in the HeLa cell line which was 90-fold more active than E-resveratrol, and close to adriamycin. The structure-activity relationships were also investigated. Compounds 1, 2 and 9-11 may serve as potential lead compounds for the discovery of new anticancer drugs.